Contents
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The Social Context of Tribes and Ethnic Groups The Social Context of Tribes and Ethnic Groups
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Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan
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Large Groups Large Groups
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Pashtuns Pashtuns
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Tajiks Tajiks
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Hazaras Hazaras
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Uzbeks and Turkmen Uzbeks and Turkmen
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Aimaqs Aimaqs
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Smaller Groups Smaller Groups
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Nuristanis and Pashai Nuristanis and Pashai
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Qizilbash Qizilbash
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Baluch Baluch
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Arabs Arabs
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Pamiris Pamiris
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And Yes, Even Smaller Groups And Yes, Even Smaller Groups
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Jugis and Jats Jugis and Jats
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Kirghiz Kirghiz
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Non-Muslims Non-Muslims
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Ways of Living Ways of Living
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Rural Economy Rural Economy
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Settlement Patterns Settlement Patterns
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Villages Villages
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Pastoral Nomads Pastoral Nomads
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Towns Towns
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Religion Religion
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Geography Geography
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Mountains and Rivers Mountains and Rivers
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Regions That Persist over Time Regions That Persist over Time
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Herat and the West Herat and the West
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Qandahar and the South Qandahar and the South
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Balkh and the North Balkh and the North
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Kabul and the East Kabul and the East
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Peshawar and the NWFP Peshawar and the NWFP
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Turko-Persia: Fixing Afghanistan’s Place in the World Turko-Persia: Fixing Afghanistan’s Place in the World
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Ibn Khaldun and Afghanistan Ibn Khaldun and Afghanistan
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Desert Civilization Desert Civilization
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Economic Structure Economic Structure
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Social and Political Structures Social and Political Structures
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Sedentary Civilization Sedentary Civilization
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Economy Economy
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Social and Political Structures Social and Political Structures
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Beyond Ethnicity and Region Beyond Ethnicity and Region
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter provides a basic outline of Afghanistan's land and peoples. It describes how the various tribal and ethnic groups of Afghanistan work, because they have all played key roles in Afghanistan's history and remain vital in understanding current events there. Furthermore, this chapter introduces what Afghans themselves take for granted: their geography, religion, subsistence economy, and architecture, along with the persistent aspects of social organization in which they ground their lives. Finally, the chapter applies ibn Khaldun's classic model of Middle Eastern political organization to Afghanistan, arguing that, far from participating in a single political sphere, Afghanistan has always been two worlds, interacting but unintegrated. Its contrasting patterns of subsistence, social organization, and regional political structures underlie long-standing ethnic and tribal divisions, constituting elements of material life and social organization that have persisted for centuries, even millennia, and setting the framework for daily life as it is ordinarily lived.
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