Sharon Inkelas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199280476
- eISBN:
- 9780191787188
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280476.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
This book presents a phenomenon-oriented survey of the ways in which phonology and morphology interact, including ways in which morphology, i.e. word formation, demonstrates sensitivity to ...
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This book presents a phenomenon-oriented survey of the ways in which phonology and morphology interact, including ways in which morphology, i.e. word formation, demonstrates sensitivity to phonological information and in which phonological patterns can be sensitive to morphology. Chapters focus on morphologically conditioned phonology, process morphology, prosodic templates, reduplication, infixation, phonology-morphology interleaving effects, prosodic-morphological mismatches, ineffability and other cases in which phonology interferes with morphology, and paradigmatic effects of morphology on phonology, and vice versa. The overview points out theoretical issues on which particular phenomena bear. These include the debate over item-based vs. realizational approaches to morphology, the question of whether cyclic effects can be subsumed under paradigmatic effects, whether reduplication is phonological copying or morphological doubling, whether infixation and suppletive allomorphy are phonologically optimizing, and more. The book is intended to be used in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses or to have as a reference for those pursuing individual topics in the phonology-morphology interface. The overarching aim of the book is to bring together, and connect in as many ways as possible, the large and diverse set of topics that fall under the umbrella of the phonology-morphology interface.Less
This book presents a phenomenon-oriented survey of the ways in which phonology and morphology interact, including ways in which morphology, i.e. word formation, demonstrates sensitivity to phonological information and in which phonological patterns can be sensitive to morphology. Chapters focus on morphologically conditioned phonology, process morphology, prosodic templates, reduplication, infixation, phonology-morphology interleaving effects, prosodic-morphological mismatches, ineffability and other cases in which phonology interferes with morphology, and paradigmatic effects of morphology on phonology, and vice versa. The overview points out theoretical issues on which particular phenomena bear. These include the debate over item-based vs. realizational approaches to morphology, the question of whether cyclic effects can be subsumed under paradigmatic effects, whether reduplication is phonological copying or morphological doubling, whether infixation and suppletive allomorphy are phonologically optimizing, and more. The book is intended to be used in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses or to have as a reference for those pursuing individual topics in the phonology-morphology interface. The overarching aim of the book is to bring together, and connect in as many ways as possible, the large and diverse set of topics that fall under the umbrella of the phonology-morphology interface.
Eva Zimmermann
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198747321
- eISBN:
- 9780191809736
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198747321.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Syntax and Morphology
This book investigates the phenomenon of Morphological Length-Manipulation: processes of segment lengthening, shortening, deletion, and insertion that cannot be explained by phonological means but ...
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This book investigates the phenomenon of Morphological Length-Manipulation: processes of segment lengthening, shortening, deletion, and insertion that cannot be explained by phonological means but crucially rely on morpho-syntactic information. A unified theoretical account of these phenomena is presented and it is argued that Morphological Length-Manipulation is best analysed inside the framework termed ‘Prosodically Defective Morphemes’: if all possible Prosodically Defective Morpheme representations and their potential effects for the resulting surface structure are taken into account, instances of length-manipulating non-concatenative morphology and length-manipulating morpheme-specific phonology are predicted. The argumentation in this book is hence in line with the general claim that all morphology results from combination and that non-concatenative exponents are epiphenomenal and arise from affixation of autosegmental elements. Although this position has been defended various times for specific phenomena, it has rarely been discussed against the background of a broad typological survey. In contrast to most existing claims, the argumentation in this book is based on a representative data set for attested morphological length-manipulating patterns in the languages of the world that serves as basis for the theoretical arguments. It is argued that alternative accounts suffer from severe under- and overgeneration problems if they are tested against the full range of attested phenomena.Less
This book investigates the phenomenon of Morphological Length-Manipulation: processes of segment lengthening, shortening, deletion, and insertion that cannot be explained by phonological means but crucially rely on morpho-syntactic information. A unified theoretical account of these phenomena is presented and it is argued that Morphological Length-Manipulation is best analysed inside the framework termed ‘Prosodically Defective Morphemes’: if all possible Prosodically Defective Morpheme representations and their potential effects for the resulting surface structure are taken into account, instances of length-manipulating non-concatenative morphology and length-manipulating morpheme-specific phonology are predicted. The argumentation in this book is hence in line with the general claim that all morphology results from combination and that non-concatenative exponents are epiphenomenal and arise from affixation of autosegmental elements. Although this position has been defended various times for specific phenomena, it has rarely been discussed against the background of a broad typological survey. In contrast to most existing claims, the argumentation in this book is based on a representative data set for attested morphological length-manipulating patterns in the languages of the world that serves as basis for the theoretical arguments. It is argued that alternative accounts suffer from severe under- and overgeneration problems if they are tested against the full range of attested phenomena.
Jochen Trommer (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199573721
- eISBN:
- 9780199573738
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573721.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
Exponence is the mapping of morphosyntactic structure to phonological representations, a research area which is not only the traditional bone of contention between phonology and morphology, but also ...
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Exponence is the mapping of morphosyntactic structure to phonological representations, a research area which is not only the traditional bone of contention between phonology and morphology, but also approached in fundamentally diverse ways in different theoretical frameworks such as Optimality Theory and Distributed Morphology: by morphological rules carrying out complex phonological operations, highly abstract morphophonological representations, and/or by phonological constraints which are sensitive to morphological information. This volume presents a synopsis of the state-of-the-art in research on exponence, based on a novel conception: Every chapter systematically discusses a specific aspect of exponence from the point of view of current theoretical morphology, but also from a theoretical phonology perspective. Topics include nonconcatenative morphology, allomorphy, iconicity, dissimilation and truncation processes. Two detailed chapters formulate a new coherent research program for exponence which integrates the central insights of the last decades and provides important new challenges for years to come.Less
Exponence is the mapping of morphosyntactic structure to phonological representations, a research area which is not only the traditional bone of contention between phonology and morphology, but also approached in fundamentally diverse ways in different theoretical frameworks such as Optimality Theory and Distributed Morphology: by morphological rules carrying out complex phonological operations, highly abstract morphophonological representations, and/or by phonological constraints which are sensitive to morphological information. This volume presents a synopsis of the state-of-the-art in research on exponence, based on a novel conception: Every chapter systematically discusses a specific aspect of exponence from the point of view of current theoretical morphology, but also from a theoretical phonology perspective. Topics include nonconcatenative morphology, allomorphy, iconicity, dissimilation and truncation processes. Two detailed chapters formulate a new coherent research program for exponence which integrates the central insights of the last decades and provides important new challenges for years to come.
Nomi Erteschik-Shir and Lisa Rochman (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556861
- eISBN:
- 9780191722271
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556861.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
In this book leading scholars address the issues surrounding the syntax‐phonology interface. These principally concern whether the phonological component can influence syntax and if so how far and in ...
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In this book leading scholars address the issues surrounding the syntax‐phonology interface. These principally concern whether the phonological component can influence syntax and if so how far and in what ways: such questions are a prominent component of current work on the biolinguistics of speech production and reception. The problematic relationship between syntax and phonology has long piqued the interest of syntacticians and phonologists: the connections between sound and structure have played a key role in generative grammar from its inception, initially relating to focus and the prosodic marking of constituent structure and more recently to word‐order constraints. This book advances this work in a series of critical and interlinked presentations of the latest thinking and research. In doing so it draws on data from a wide range of languages, evidence from disordered language, and related work in language acquisition.Less
In this book leading scholars address the issues surrounding the syntax‐phonology interface. These principally concern whether the phonological component can influence syntax and if so how far and in what ways: such questions are a prominent component of current work on the biolinguistics of speech production and reception. The problematic relationship between syntax and phonology has long piqued the interest of syntacticians and phonologists: the connections between sound and structure have played a key role in generative grammar from its inception, initially relating to focus and the prosodic marking of constituent structure and more recently to word‐order constraints. This book advances this work in a series of critical and interlinked presentations of the latest thinking and research. In doing so it draws on data from a wide range of languages, evidence from disordered language, and related work in language acquisition.
John M. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199608317
- eISBN:
- 9780191732034
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608317.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
This book explores the consequences for syntax of assuming that language is substantively based, or grounded, in extralinguistic cognition and perception. Groundedness does not just apply to the ...
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This book explores the consequences for syntax of assuming that language is substantively based, or grounded, in extralinguistic cognition and perception. Groundedness does not just apply to the categories of syntax, like verb and noun, but also to other aspects of syntactic structure. Thus hierarchization (dependency), linearity, and phonological expression of categories, especially by intonation, are grammaticalizations of, respectively, cognitive salience, our perception of time, and our perception of sound. The major linguistic module of syntax is characterized by a set of categories based on distinctions in the perceived ontological status of what the categories represent, and this basis determines the distribution of categories, defined by category members that are prototypical. This is familiar from the tradition of notional grammar. Submodules in syntax are characterized by the substance they grammaticalize. The first part of the book traces the development in the twentieth century of anti-notionalism, culminating in the autonomy of syntax assumption. Subsequently the book addresses various syntactic phenomena, many of them involving the fundamental notion of finiteness, that illustrate the need to appeal to grounding. Among other things, groundedness permits a lexicalist approach that enables the syntax to dispense with structural mutations such as category change, and the invocation of ‘empty categories’, or of ‘universal grammar’ in general.Less
This book explores the consequences for syntax of assuming that language is substantively based, or grounded, in extralinguistic cognition and perception. Groundedness does not just apply to the categories of syntax, like verb and noun, but also to other aspects of syntactic structure. Thus hierarchization (dependency), linearity, and phonological expression of categories, especially by intonation, are grammaticalizations of, respectively, cognitive salience, our perception of time, and our perception of sound. The major linguistic module of syntax is characterized by a set of categories based on distinctions in the perceived ontological status of what the categories represent, and this basis determines the distribution of categories, defined by category members that are prototypical. This is familiar from the tradition of notional grammar. Submodules in syntax are characterized by the substance they grammaticalize. The first part of the book traces the development in the twentieth century of anti-notionalism, culminating in the autonomy of syntax assumption. Subsequently the book addresses various syntactic phenomena, many of them involving the fundamental notion of finiteness, that illustrate the need to appeal to grounding. Among other things, groundedness permits a lexicalist approach that enables the syntax to dispense with structural mutations such as category change, and the invocation of ‘empty categories’, or of ‘universal grammar’ in general.
John M. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199608324
- eISBN:
- 9780191732041
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608324.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
This book contributes to the exploration of a view of language wherein its elements are grounded, or substantively based. It looks in particular at the role of the lexicon, and morphology, as a ...
More
This book contributes to the exploration of a view of language wherein its elements are grounded, or substantively based. It looks in particular at the role of the lexicon, and morphology, as a complex interface relating the syntactic representations to the representations of phonology. Language structure is assumed to be modular, such that modules are defined by the particular aspect of extralinguistic mental content they grammaticalize. This establishes two basic modules: syntax, which is cognitively based, and phonology, based on sound perception. Morphology has no such distinctive basis, only bracketing into formatives of the phonological representation of a word on the basis of the syntactic categories expressed and such non-syntactic classifications as conjugation. The book focuses on inflectional morphology and in particular the expressive role of inflection. Mechanisms deriving from the need for expressiveness compensate for the commonly accepted unidirectionality of exponence, whereby the exponent does not influence what it expounds. Two manifestations of a mechanism of compensation are addressed. Firstly, it is outlined, and illustrated from Old English verb morphology, how the syntactic information that is eventually expressed in paradigms (morphosyntax) may be reorganized to facilitate formulation of the exponence relations (morphophonology). Secondly, on the basis of more general exemplification, there is outlined the mechanism whereby grammatical periphrases compensate for gaps in the finite verb paradigm. Finally, the volume argues that it is the substantive differences between verbs and nouns that account for the absence of periphrases in nominal structures and the marking of agreement, especially of gender, including via classifiers.Less
This book contributes to the exploration of a view of language wherein its elements are grounded, or substantively based. It looks in particular at the role of the lexicon, and morphology, as a complex interface relating the syntactic representations to the representations of phonology. Language structure is assumed to be modular, such that modules are defined by the particular aspect of extralinguistic mental content they grammaticalize. This establishes two basic modules: syntax, which is cognitively based, and phonology, based on sound perception. Morphology has no such distinctive basis, only bracketing into formatives of the phonological representation of a word on the basis of the syntactic categories expressed and such non-syntactic classifications as conjugation. The book focuses on inflectional morphology and in particular the expressive role of inflection. Mechanisms deriving from the need for expressiveness compensate for the commonly accepted unidirectionality of exponence, whereby the exponent does not influence what it expounds. Two manifestations of a mechanism of compensation are addressed. Firstly, it is outlined, and illustrated from Old English verb morphology, how the syntactic information that is eventually expressed in paradigms (morphosyntax) may be reorganized to facilitate formulation of the exponence relations (morphophonology). Secondly, on the basis of more general exemplification, there is outlined the mechanism whereby grammatical periphrases compensate for gaps in the finite verb paradigm. Finally, the volume argues that it is the substantive differences between verbs and nouns that account for the absence of periphrases in nominal structures and the marking of agreement, especially of gender, including via classifiers.
John M. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199608331
- eISBN:
- 9780191732119
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608331.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
As has been variously discussed in the past, phonology and syntax manifest analogical structural properties. This volume is concerned with establishing something of the extent of these and the ...
More
As has been variously discussed in the past, phonology and syntax manifest analogical structural properties. This volume is concerned with establishing something of the extent of these and the factors limiting them. These analogies are based on perceived similarities between the two planes of languages and the common cognitive apparatus that structures them. They reflect similarities between the respective mental domains that are represented grammatically by phonology and syntax: sound-perception and cognition. And limitations on analogy similarly reflect the differing demands of these domains with which the two planes interface and their own interfacing via the lexicon. Representation by syntax of complex conceptualizations leads to greater structural elaboration, and the restricted perceptual domain grammaticalized by phonology, as well as physical constraints on its implementation as sound, imposes limitations not paralleled in syntax. The debate concerning the existence and nature of an autonomous universal grammar impinges on the notion of analogy, in so far as the latter depends on similarity in extralinguistic substance.The substantive basis, or groundedness, of both phonology and syntax is a basic analogy, as is hierarchization in terms of dependency. A range of further analogies and their compromises are also investigated: these include harmony phenomena, the redundancy of much of linearity, and the categorization of the basic unit, and associated phenomena such as contrastivity, neutralization, underspecification, polysystemicity, and grammaticalization. The greater complexity of syntax resides in properties not suitable or possible in the phonology, such as the distinction between functional and lexical categories, lexical derivation, and recursiveness and long-distance dependency.Less
As has been variously discussed in the past, phonology and syntax manifest analogical structural properties. This volume is concerned with establishing something of the extent of these and the factors limiting them. These analogies are based on perceived similarities between the two planes of languages and the common cognitive apparatus that structures them. They reflect similarities between the respective mental domains that are represented grammatically by phonology and syntax: sound-perception and cognition. And limitations on analogy similarly reflect the differing demands of these domains with which the two planes interface and their own interfacing via the lexicon. Representation by syntax of complex conceptualizations leads to greater structural elaboration, and the restricted perceptual domain grammaticalized by phonology, as well as physical constraints on its implementation as sound, imposes limitations not paralleled in syntax. The debate concerning the existence and nature of an autonomous universal grammar impinges on the notion of analogy, in so far as the latter depends on similarity in extralinguistic substance.The substantive basis, or groundedness, of both phonology and syntax is a basic analogy, as is hierarchization in terms of dependency. A range of further analogies and their compromises are also investigated: these include harmony phenomena, the redundancy of much of linearity, and the categorization of the basic unit, and associated phenomena such as contrastivity, neutralization, underspecification, polysystemicity, and grammaticalization. The greater complexity of syntax resides in properties not suitable or possible in the phonology, such as the distinction between functional and lexical categories, lexical derivation, and recursiveness and long-distance dependency.
Arsalan Kahnemuyipour
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199219230
- eISBN:
- 9780191711800
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199219230.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Phonetics / Phonology
This book explores the nature of sentential stress, how it is assigned, and its interaction with information structure. The central thesis is that the position of sentential or nuclear stress — the ...
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This book explores the nature of sentential stress, how it is assigned, and its interaction with information structure. The central thesis is that the position of sentential or nuclear stress — the element with the highest prominence in the sentence — is determined syntactically and that cross-linguistic differences in this respect follow from syntactic variations. In particular, it is proposed that the Sentential Stress Rule applies in a phase-based manner (Chomsky 2000, 2001, and subsequent work) and assigns stress to the highest element in the spelled out constituent. An additional rule, namely the Focus Stress Rule, which also applies in a phase-based manner, is proposed to handle the interaction between sentential structure and information structure. Sentential stress is thus determined in an interplay between two components, the default Sentential Stress Rule and the Focus Stress Rule. The book provides several arguments in favor of this two-component system.Less
This book explores the nature of sentential stress, how it is assigned, and its interaction with information structure. The central thesis is that the position of sentential or nuclear stress — the element with the highest prominence in the sentence — is determined syntactically and that cross-linguistic differences in this respect follow from syntactic variations. In particular, it is proposed that the Sentential Stress Rule applies in a phase-based manner (Chomsky 2000, 2001, and subsequent work) and assigns stress to the highest element in the spelled out constituent. An additional rule, namely the Focus Stress Rule, which also applies in a phase-based manner, is proposed to handle the interaction between sentential structure and information structure. Sentential stress is thus determined in an interplay between two components, the default Sentential Stress Rule and the Focus Stress Rule. The book provides several arguments in favor of this two-component system.
About the Speaker
Adpositions
Adverbial Clauses, Main Clause Phenomena, and the Composition of the Left Periphery
Affix Ordering Across Languages and Frameworks
Arabic Indefinites, Interrogatives, and Negators
Archi
The Architecture of Determiners
Argument Licensing and Agreement
The Art of Grammar
