Danny Busch, Laura Macgregor, and Peter Watts (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198738473
- eISBN:
- 9780191821233
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198738473.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This book contains contributions on aspects of the operation of agency law in commercial contexts by many of the world’s leading experts on the law of agency. It is the product of a conference of the ...
More
This book contains contributions on aspects of the operation of agency law in commercial contexts by many of the world’s leading experts on the law of agency. It is the product of a conference of the authors held at the University of Nijmegen in November 2014. Contributing authors come from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It comprises 12 chapters in five parts, preceded by a synthesising introduction. The first substantive section is devoted to aspects of general principle, including apparent authority, ratification, undisclosed principals, indirect representation, and unidentified principals. The second section, on Agency in Company Law, is concerned with the status as agents of company directors, liquidators, and receivers. The third section addresses the role of agency law in markets in financial transactions and services, including the relationship between insurers, agents and their customers. There is treatment of the common law, but also of aspects of statutory regimes including the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (UK), Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), and the Insurance Act 2015 (UK). The fourth section is concerned with powers of attorney. The fifth and last section is concerned with private international law, and in particular issues of conflict of laws arising out of the EC Commercial Agents Directive.Less
This book contains contributions on aspects of the operation of agency law in commercial contexts by many of the world’s leading experts on the law of agency. It is the product of a conference of the authors held at the University of Nijmegen in November 2014. Contributing authors come from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It comprises 12 chapters in five parts, preceded by a synthesising introduction. The first substantive section is devoted to aspects of general principle, including apparent authority, ratification, undisclosed principals, indirect representation, and unidentified principals. The second section, on Agency in Company Law, is concerned with the status as agents of company directors, liquidators, and receivers. The third section addresses the role of agency law in markets in financial transactions and services, including the relationship between insurers, agents and their customers. There is treatment of the common law, but also of aspects of statutory regimes including the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (UK), Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), and the Insurance Act 2015 (UK). The fourth section is concerned with powers of attorney. The fifth and last section is concerned with private international law, and in particular issues of conflict of laws arising out of the EC Commercial Agents Directive.
Reinier Kraakman, John Armour, Paul Davies, Luca Enriques, Henry Hansmann, Gerard Hertig, Klaus Hopt, Hideki Kanda, Mariana Pargendler, Wolf-Georg Ringe, and Edward Rock
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198739630
- eISBN:
- 9780191837982
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739630.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This book provides a theoretical framework for the understanding of corporate (or company) law from both a functional and a comparative perspective and illustrates how corporate laws in core ...
More
This book provides a theoretical framework for the understanding of corporate (or company) law from both a functional and a comparative perspective and illustrates how corporate laws in core jurisdictions (namely, Brazil, the U.S., the UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan) conform to that framework. Corporations in all jurisdictions share the same key legal attributes: namely, legal personality, limited liability, delegated management, transferable shares, and investor ownership. Businesses using the corporate form give rise to three basic types of agency problems, namely those between: (1) managers and shareholders as a class; (2) controlling shareholders and minority shareholders; and (3) shareholders as a class and other corporate constituencies, such as corporate creditors and employees. After identifying the common set of legal strategies used to address these agency problems and discussing their interaction with enforcement institutions, the book illustrates how a number of core jurisdictions around the world deploy such strategies. In so doing, it highlights the many commonalities across jurisdictions and reflects on the reasons why they differ on specific issues. The analysis covers the basic governance structure of the corporation, including the powers of the board of directors and the shareholder meeting, both when management and when a dominant shareholder is in control. It then analyses the role of corporate law in shaping labor relationships, the protection of external stakeholders, the relationships with creditors, related-party transactions, fundamental corporate actions such as mergers and charter amendments, takeovers, and the regulation of capital markets.Less
This book provides a theoretical framework for the understanding of corporate (or company) law from both a functional and a comparative perspective and illustrates how corporate laws in core jurisdictions (namely, Brazil, the U.S., the UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan) conform to that framework. Corporations in all jurisdictions share the same key legal attributes: namely, legal personality, limited liability, delegated management, transferable shares, and investor ownership. Businesses using the corporate form give rise to three basic types of agency problems, namely those between: (1) managers and shareholders as a class; (2) controlling shareholders and minority shareholders; and (3) shareholders as a class and other corporate constituencies, such as corporate creditors and employees. After identifying the common set of legal strategies used to address these agency problems and discussing their interaction with enforcement institutions, the book illustrates how a number of core jurisdictions around the world deploy such strategies. In so doing, it highlights the many commonalities across jurisdictions and reflects on the reasons why they differ on specific issues. The analysis covers the basic governance structure of the corporation, including the powers of the board of directors and the shareholder meeting, both when management and when a dominant shareholder is in control. It then analyses the role of corporate law in shaping labor relationships, the protection of external stakeholders, the relationships with creditors, related-party transactions, fundamental corporate actions such as mergers and charter amendments, takeovers, and the regulation of capital markets.
Daniel J. Gifford and Robert T. Kudrle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226176109
- eISBN:
- 9780226176246
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226176246.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This book aims to resolve a puzzle: how can two systems of competition law and policy, whose enforcement and judicial institutions employ similar concepts and legal language, reach very different ...
More
This book aims to resolve a puzzle: how can two systems of competition law and policy, whose enforcement and judicial institutions employ similar concepts and legal language, reach very different results on a number of current, significant antitrust issues? The most important provisions of the Sherman Act and the competition sections of the Treaty Founding the European Union are striking similar, but a combination of differences in social values, political institutions, and legal precedent retard close convergence. The work explores the main contested areas of contemporary antitrust: mergers, price discrimination, predatory pricing, exclusive supply, conditional rebating, and intellectual property in the context of dynamic competition. In each area we focus on how the prevalent antitrust analyses differ between the EU and the U.S., the policy ramifications of these differences, and how the analyses used by the enforcement authorities or the courts in each of these areas relate to those in other areas. The book also tracks several substantive themes that appear across the chapters, such as pricing incentives and constraints, welfare effects, and whether competition tends to be viewed as an efficiency generating process or as rivalry. We conclude with forecasts and suggestions about how greater compatibility if not convergence might ultimately be attained.Less
This book aims to resolve a puzzle: how can two systems of competition law and policy, whose enforcement and judicial institutions employ similar concepts and legal language, reach very different results on a number of current, significant antitrust issues? The most important provisions of the Sherman Act and the competition sections of the Treaty Founding the European Union are striking similar, but a combination of differences in social values, political institutions, and legal precedent retard close convergence. The work explores the main contested areas of contemporary antitrust: mergers, price discrimination, predatory pricing, exclusive supply, conditional rebating, and intellectual property in the context of dynamic competition. In each area we focus on how the prevalent antitrust analyses differ between the EU and the U.S., the policy ramifications of these differences, and how the analyses used by the enforcement authorities or the courts in each of these areas relate to those in other areas. The book also tracks several substantive themes that appear across the chapters, such as pricing incentives and constraints, welfare effects, and whether competition tends to be viewed as an efficiency generating process or as rivalry. We conclude with forecasts and suggestions about how greater compatibility if not convergence might ultimately be attained.
Benjamin Geva
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198298533
- eISBN:
- 9780191685477
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198298533.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This is a study of the law governing the bank–customer relationship pertaining to the disposition of funds by cheques and credit transfers, covering both paper-based and electronic payments. This ...
More
This is a study of the law governing the bank–customer relationship pertaining to the disposition of funds by cheques and credit transfers, covering both paper-based and electronic payments. This book addresses, with various degrees of detail, common law, civilian, and ‘mixed’ jurisdictions, particularly in Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States. In addition to the description of the law in these jurisdictions, the book contains an in-depth analysis of the common issues and the responses to them, in light of desired policies. Accordingly, an evaluation of the various rules and proposals for reform are integral parts of the study. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview of the various legal systems and fundamentals in banking and payment law, in an overall historical context. Chapter 2 deals with the banking relationship, within which collections and payments occur. It highlights the customer contract, the deposit transaction, the mandate authorizing bank collections and payments, and the debt resulting from entries to the current account. Chapter 3 covers the performance of the mandate. It discusses extensively laws governing the payment and collection of cheques and credit transfers, in the context of actual clearing and settlement mechanisms, particularly large-value transfer systems in developed countries. Chapter 4 is on payment systems misuse through fraud, either in the initiation payments or in misdirecting them. It discusses cheque forgery, unauthorized electronic funds transfers, forged cheques endorsements, and misdirected funds transfers.Less
This is a study of the law governing the bank–customer relationship pertaining to the disposition of funds by cheques and credit transfers, covering both paper-based and electronic payments. This book addresses, with various degrees of detail, common law, civilian, and ‘mixed’ jurisdictions, particularly in Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States. In addition to the description of the law in these jurisdictions, the book contains an in-depth analysis of the common issues and the responses to them, in light of desired policies. Accordingly, an evaluation of the various rules and proposals for reform are integral parts of the study. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview of the various legal systems and fundamentals in banking and payment law, in an overall historical context. Chapter 2 deals with the banking relationship, within which collections and payments occur. It highlights the customer contract, the deposit transaction, the mandate authorizing bank collections and payments, and the debt resulting from entries to the current account. Chapter 3 covers the performance of the mandate. It discusses extensively laws governing the payment and collection of cheques and credit transfers, in the context of actual clearing and settlement mechanisms, particularly large-value transfer systems in developed countries. Chapter 4 is on payment systems misuse through fraud, either in the initiation payments or in misdirecting them. It discusses cheque forgery, unauthorized electronic funds transfers, forged cheques endorsements, and misdirected funds transfers.
Andrew Trask and Andrew DeGuire
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199846252
- eISBN:
- 9780190260057
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199846252.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
Where the fate of a company is on the line in a negotiation, legal and business teams must work seamlessly to reach a successful conclusion. Unfortunately, there's often a gap between lawyers, who ...
More
Where the fate of a company is on the line in a negotiation, legal and business teams must work seamlessly to reach a successful conclusion. Unfortunately, there's often a gap between lawyers, who are typically untrained in business strategy, and business executives, who lack basic knowledge of contract law and regulations. This book offers a thorough introduction to enable lawyers and businesspeople to understand the theoretical concepts and to apply practical tools to conduct a successful, multi-faceted negotiation. It explains the different strategic considerations that negotiators face, from the pressures on individuals representing a larger group to the difficulties that arise from clashes of corporate culture. It also discusses the specific challenges raised by negotiations that involve multiple parties and multiple issues and take place over longer periods of time. Throughout the book provides concrete, practical advice on how best to guide companies through the most difficult negotiations.Less
Where the fate of a company is on the line in a negotiation, legal and business teams must work seamlessly to reach a successful conclusion. Unfortunately, there's often a gap between lawyers, who are typically untrained in business strategy, and business executives, who lack basic knowledge of contract law and regulations. This book offers a thorough introduction to enable lawyers and businesspeople to understand the theoretical concepts and to apply practical tools to conduct a successful, multi-faceted negotiation. It explains the different strategic considerations that negotiators face, from the pressures on individuals representing a larger group to the difficulties that arise from clashes of corporate culture. It also discusses the specific challenges raised by negotiations that involve multiple parties and multiple issues and take place over longer periods of time. Throughout the book provides concrete, practical advice on how best to guide companies through the most difficult negotiations.
Margaret Jane Radin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155333
- eISBN:
- 9781400844838
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155333.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
Boilerplate—the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click “I agree” online, rent an apartment, or enter an employment contract, for example—pervades all aspects of our ...
More
Boilerplate—the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click “I agree” online, rent an apartment, or enter an employment contract, for example—pervades all aspects of our modern lives. On a daily basis, most of us accept boilerplate provisions without realizing that should a dispute arise about a purchased good or service, the nonnegotiable boilerplate terms can deprive us of our right to jury trial and relieve providers of responsibility for harm. Boilerplate is the first comprehensive treatment of the problems posed by the increasing use of these terms, demonstrating how their use has degraded traditional notions of consent, agreement, and contract, and sacrificed core rights whose loss threatens the democratic order. This book examines attempts to justify the use of boilerplate provisions by claiming either that recipients freely consent to them or that economic efficiency demands them, and it finds these justifications wanting. It argues that our courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies have fallen short in their evaluation and oversight of the use of boilerplate clauses. To improve legal evaluation of boilerplate, the book offers a new analytical framework, one that takes into account the nature of the rights affected, the quality of the recipient's consent, and the extent of the use of these terms. It goes on to offer possibilities for new methods of boilerplate evaluation and control, and concludes by discussing positive steps that NGOs, legislators, regulators, courts, and scholars could take to bring about better practices.Less
Boilerplate—the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click “I agree” online, rent an apartment, or enter an employment contract, for example—pervades all aspects of our modern lives. On a daily basis, most of us accept boilerplate provisions without realizing that should a dispute arise about a purchased good or service, the nonnegotiable boilerplate terms can deprive us of our right to jury trial and relieve providers of responsibility for harm. Boilerplate is the first comprehensive treatment of the problems posed by the increasing use of these terms, demonstrating how their use has degraded traditional notions of consent, agreement, and contract, and sacrificed core rights whose loss threatens the democratic order. This book examines attempts to justify the use of boilerplate provisions by claiming either that recipients freely consent to them or that economic efficiency demands them, and it finds these justifications wanting. It argues that our courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies have fallen short in their evaluation and oversight of the use of boilerplate clauses. To improve legal evaluation of boilerplate, the book offers a new analytical framework, one that takes into account the nature of the rights affected, the quality of the recipient's consent, and the extent of the use of these terms. It goes on to offer possibilities for new methods of boilerplate evaluation and control, and concludes by discussing positive steps that NGOs, legislators, regulators, courts, and scholars could take to bring about better practices.
Fred H. Cate and James X. Dempsey (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190685515
- eISBN:
- 9780190685546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190685515.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
In June 2013, Edward Snowden revealed a secret US government program that collected records on every phone call made in the country. Further disclosures followed, detailing mass surveillance by the ...
More
In June 2013, Edward Snowden revealed a secret US government program that collected records on every phone call made in the country. Further disclosures followed, detailing mass surveillance by the UK as well. Journalists and policymakers soon began discussing large-scale programs in other countries. Over two years before the Snowden leaks began, Cate and Dempsey had started researching systematic collection. Leading an initiative sponsored by The Privacy Projects, they commissioned a series of country reports, asking national experts to uncover what they could about government demands that telecommunications providers and other private-sector companies disclose information about their customers in bulk. Their initial research found disturbing indications of systematic access in countries around the world. These programs, often undertaken in the name of national security, were cloaked in secrecy and largely immune from oversight, posing serious threats to personal privacy. After the Snowden leaks, the project morphed into something more ambitious: an effort to explore what should be the rules for government access to data and how companies should respond to those demands within the framework of corporate responsibility. This volume concludes the nearly six-year project. It assembles 12 country reports, updated to reflect recent developments. One chapter presents both descriptive and normative frameworks for analyzing national surveillance laws. Others examine international law, human rights law, and oversight mechanisms. Still others explore the concept of accountability and the role of encryption in shaping the surveillance debate. In their conclusion, Cate and Dempsey offer recommendations for both government and industry.Less
In June 2013, Edward Snowden revealed a secret US government program that collected records on every phone call made in the country. Further disclosures followed, detailing mass surveillance by the UK as well. Journalists and policymakers soon began discussing large-scale programs in other countries. Over two years before the Snowden leaks began, Cate and Dempsey had started researching systematic collection. Leading an initiative sponsored by The Privacy Projects, they commissioned a series of country reports, asking national experts to uncover what they could about government demands that telecommunications providers and other private-sector companies disclose information about their customers in bulk. Their initial research found disturbing indications of systematic access in countries around the world. These programs, often undertaken in the name of national security, were cloaked in secrecy and largely immune from oversight, posing serious threats to personal privacy. After the Snowden leaks, the project morphed into something more ambitious: an effort to explore what should be the rules for government access to data and how companies should respond to those demands within the framework of corporate responsibility. This volume concludes the nearly six-year project. It assembles 12 country reports, updated to reflect recent developments. One chapter presents both descriptive and normative frameworks for analyzing national surveillance laws. Others examine international law, human rights law, and oversight mechanisms. Still others explore the concept of accountability and the role of encryption in shaping the surveillance debate. In their conclusion, Cate and Dempsey offer recommendations for both government and industry.
Alan N. Rechtschaffen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199971541
- eISBN:
- 9780199361458
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199971541.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
During the financial crisis, dramatic events undermined the global economy. Failures in individual markets and institutions sparked a financial crisis that resulted in political, social, and economic ...
More
During the financial crisis, dramatic events undermined the global economy. Failures in individual markets and institutions sparked a financial crisis that resulted in political, social, and economic unrest in countries such as the United States, where a host of legislative acts have completely reshaped the regulatory landscape. This book investigates the impact of the financial crisis on the capital markets and regulation, with an emphasis on the structure of financial instruments and derivatives. It examines the crisis and how it altered financial markets and financial instruments. In the United States, the U.S. Federal Reserve policy under Chairman Bernanke, and the passage of various laws including the Dodd-Frank Act reshaped how markets function. The book also discusses the efforts to deal with public debt in the United States; the use of financial instruments as a means of accessing capital, managing risk and making money; regulation of securities and interest rates; the use of interest rates in asset valuation; derivatives, options, and swaps; the history and powers of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC); and litigation theories.Less
During the financial crisis, dramatic events undermined the global economy. Failures in individual markets and institutions sparked a financial crisis that resulted in political, social, and economic unrest in countries such as the United States, where a host of legislative acts have completely reshaped the regulatory landscape. This book investigates the impact of the financial crisis on the capital markets and regulation, with an emphasis on the structure of financial instruments and derivatives. It examines the crisis and how it altered financial markets and financial instruments. In the United States, the U.S. Federal Reserve policy under Chairman Bernanke, and the passage of various laws including the Dodd-Frank Act reshaped how markets function. The book also discusses the efforts to deal with public debt in the United States; the use of financial instruments as a means of accessing capital, managing risk and making money; regulation of securities and interest rates; the use of interest rates in asset valuation; derivatives, options, and swaps; the history and powers of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC); and litigation theories.
Hong-Lin Yu
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781845861070
- eISBN:
- 9781474406154
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781845861070.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
This book provides a practical guide to the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 together with comparative international case studies. It provides a thorough analysis of the Arbitration (Scotland) Act ...
More
This book provides a practical guide to the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 together with comparative international case studies. It provides a thorough analysis of the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 (which provides a modern statutory framework for domestic and international arbitration in Scotland) and the most important current issues that are arising in the field of international commercial arbitration. It includes a number of highly relevant legal case studies that compare Scottish and international practice. These provide a practical insight into the various aspects of arbitration. It also includes a number of chapters on international practice. These cover UNCITRAL Model Law, UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, institutional arbitration rules, and International Bar Association arbitration guidelines.Less
This book provides a practical guide to the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 together with comparative international case studies. It provides a thorough analysis of the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 (which provides a modern statutory framework for domestic and international arbitration in Scotland) and the most important current issues that are arising in the field of international commercial arbitration. It includes a number of highly relevant legal case studies that compare Scottish and international practice. These provide a practical insight into the various aspects of arbitration. It also includes a number of chapters on international practice. These cover UNCITRAL Model Law, UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, institutional arbitration rules, and International Bar Association arbitration guidelines.
Ulf Bernitz and Wolf-Georg Ringe (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199591459
- eISBN:
- 9780191595578
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591459.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law
The financial crisis has brought about a revival of state protectionism across the globe. Most Western leaders have made a virtue of big government and state intervention; bail-outs and Sovereign ...
More
The financial crisis has brought about a revival of state protectionism across the globe. Most Western leaders have made a virtue of big government and state intervention; bail-outs and Sovereign Wealth Funds have been among the first responses to the economic contraction. Company law rules are one of the instruments frequently used to restrict or to discourage integration or to deter foreign investment. Examples of the new protectionism can be seen in a wide range of legislative and regulatory measures, for instance state measures preventing foreign takeovers, ‘golden shares’ or laws on foreign direct investment targeting Sovereign Wealth Funds, mainly from Asia. This book presents research by a number of company law and EU law experts. The chapters cover a broad range of topics, spanning from takeovers/mergers over the one share-one vote debate through to the foreclosure of markets against Sovereign Wealth Funds.Less
The financial crisis has brought about a revival of state protectionism across the globe. Most Western leaders have made a virtue of big government and state intervention; bail-outs and Sovereign Wealth Funds have been among the first responses to the economic contraction. Company law rules are one of the instruments frequently used to restrict or to discourage integration or to deter foreign investment. Examples of the new protectionism can be seen in a wide range of legislative and regulatory measures, for instance state measures preventing foreign takeovers, ‘golden shares’ or laws on foreign direct investment targeting Sovereign Wealth Funds, mainly from Asia. This book presents research by a number of company law and EU law experts. The chapters cover a broad range of topics, spanning from takeovers/mergers over the one share-one vote debate through to the foreclosure of markets against Sovereign Wealth Funds.
