Geoffrey Jones
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199639625
- eISBN:
- 9780191806841
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199639625.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
The global beauty business permeates our lives, influencing how we perceive ourselves and what it is to be beautiful. The brands and firms which have shaped this industry, such as Avon, Coty, Estee ...
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The global beauty business permeates our lives, influencing how we perceive ourselves and what it is to be beautiful. The brands and firms which have shaped this industry, such as Avon, Coty, Estee Lauder, L'Oreal, and Shiseido, have imagined beauty for us. This book provides an authoritative history of the global beauty industry from its emergence in the nineteenth century to the present day, exploring how today' s global giants grew. It shows how successive generations of entrepreneurs built brands which shaped perceptions of beauty, and the business organizations needed to market them. They democratized access to beauty products, once the privilege of elites, but they also defined the gender and ethnic borders of beauty, and its association with a handful of cities, notably Paris and later New York. The result was a homogenization of beauty ideals throughout the world. Today globalization is changing the beauty industry again; its impact can be seen in a range of competing strategies. Global brands have swept into China, Russia, and India, but at the same time, these brands are having to respond to a far greater diversity of cultures and lifestyles as new markets are opened up worldwide.Less
The global beauty business permeates our lives, influencing how we perceive ourselves and what it is to be beautiful. The brands and firms which have shaped this industry, such as Avon, Coty, Estee Lauder, L'Oreal, and Shiseido, have imagined beauty for us. This book provides an authoritative history of the global beauty industry from its emergence in the nineteenth century to the present day, exploring how today' s global giants grew. It shows how successive generations of entrepreneurs built brands which shaped perceptions of beauty, and the business organizations needed to market them. They democratized access to beauty products, once the privilege of elites, but they also defined the gender and ethnic borders of beauty, and its association with a handful of cities, notably Paris and later New York. The result was a homogenization of beauty ideals throughout the world. Today globalization is changing the beauty industry again; its impact can be seen in a range of competing strategies. Global brands have swept into China, Russia, and India, but at the same time, these brands are having to respond to a far greater diversity of cultures and lifestyles as new markets are opened up worldwide.
Graeme Salaman and John Storey
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198782827
- eISBN:
- 9780191825996
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198782827.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Business History
The book is a rich account and analysis of the John Lewis Partnership. The JLP is well-known, revered, and admired, enjoying an enviable reputation for commercial success and principled business ...
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The book is a rich account and analysis of the John Lewis Partnership. The JLP is well-known, revered, and admired, enjoying an enviable reputation for commercial success and principled business practice. And yet, among the public, commentators, and government, it is not known well at all. This book offers a deeper, more analytical understanding, revealing the tensions and dilemmas that characterize even this most well-intentioned of organizations. The US/UK model of the firm, emphasizing shareholder value and openness to the market, is prone to a number of problematic consequences, for employees, suppliers, and sometimes shareholders. JLP represents a contrast to this model—one with implications beyond the small niche of mutually-owned firms. JLP has lessons for organizations that are unlikely to move towards the Partnership’s distinctive shared ownership; this book identifies these lessons. Key questions addressed include: how does JLP work in practice? What is the link between co-ownership, the JLP employment model, and the performance of the businesses? What is the role of management in the success of John Lewis and Waitrose? Are mutuality, co-ownership, and business performance at odds? What is the significance of democracy within JLP? And probably most significantly: what are the implications for policy-makers, managers, and economic agents of the JLP? This book is based on detailed knowledge of the JLP and its constituent business gathered by the authors over a fifteen-year period. They conclude that JLP is more complex, more impressive, and more interesting than its admirers realize.Less
The book is a rich account and analysis of the John Lewis Partnership. The JLP is well-known, revered, and admired, enjoying an enviable reputation for commercial success and principled business practice. And yet, among the public, commentators, and government, it is not known well at all. This book offers a deeper, more analytical understanding, revealing the tensions and dilemmas that characterize even this most well-intentioned of organizations. The US/UK model of the firm, emphasizing shareholder value and openness to the market, is prone to a number of problematic consequences, for employees, suppliers, and sometimes shareholders. JLP represents a contrast to this model—one with implications beyond the small niche of mutually-owned firms. JLP has lessons for organizations that are unlikely to move towards the Partnership’s distinctive shared ownership; this book identifies these lessons. Key questions addressed include: how does JLP work in practice? What is the link between co-ownership, the JLP employment model, and the performance of the businesses? What is the role of management in the success of John Lewis and Waitrose? Are mutuality, co-ownership, and business performance at odds? What is the significance of democracy within JLP? And probably most significantly: what are the implications for policy-makers, managers, and economic agents of the JLP? This book is based on detailed knowledge of the JLP and its constituent business gathered by the authors over a fifteen-year period. They conclude that JLP is more complex, more impressive, and more interesting than its admirers realize.
Terry Gourvish
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199236602
- eISBN:
- 9780191696701
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199236602.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
Britain's leading railway historian provides a critical examination of the Blair government's involvement in the rail industry from 1997 as they tried to deal with the UK's fragmented, privatized ...
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Britain's leading railway historian provides a critical examination of the Blair government's involvement in the rail industry from 1997 as they tried to deal with the UK's fragmented, privatized railways.Less
Britain's leading railway historian provides a critical examination of the Blair government's involvement in the rail industry from 1997 as they tried to deal with the UK's fragmented, privatized railways.
Ranald C. Michie
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198727361
- eISBN:
- 9780191793516
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198727361.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
This is the first study of the entire British banking system from its origins in the late seventeenth century until the present. It analyses what made the British banking system the most resilient ...
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This is the first study of the entire British banking system from its origins in the late seventeenth century until the present. It analyses what made the British banking system the most resilient and trusted in the world and how it was able to maintain that for so long. It describes a process of continuous adaptation and innovation as the system responded to the challenges and opportunities that arose over three centuries, provides an explanation for the calamity that overtook the British banking system in 2007/8, and the insight required to restore it to the position it once occupied. To achieve that insight requires an understanding of the entire banking system, not a subset of banks. Banks are key components of a complex financial system continually interacting with each other, and constantly changing over time. This makes the conventional distinctions drawn between different types of banks inappropriate for any long-term analysis. These distinctions were neither absolute nor permanent but relative and temporary. Banks were also central to both the payments system and the money market without which no modern economy could function. Only with such an understanding is it possible to appreciate what the British banking system achieved and then maintained from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards, why it was lost in such a short space of time, and what needs to be done to return it to the position it once occupied. Without such an understanding the mistakes of the recent past are destined to be repeated.Less
This is the first study of the entire British banking system from its origins in the late seventeenth century until the present. It analyses what made the British banking system the most resilient and trusted in the world and how it was able to maintain that for so long. It describes a process of continuous adaptation and innovation as the system responded to the challenges and opportunities that arose over three centuries, provides an explanation for the calamity that overtook the British banking system in 2007/8, and the insight required to restore it to the position it once occupied. To achieve that insight requires an understanding of the entire banking system, not a subset of banks. Banks are key components of a complex financial system continually interacting with each other, and constantly changing over time. This makes the conventional distinctions drawn between different types of banks inappropriate for any long-term analysis. These distinctions were neither absolute nor permanent but relative and temporary. Banks were also central to both the payments system and the money market without which no modern economy could function. Only with such an understanding is it possible to appreciate what the British banking system achieved and then maintained from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards, why it was lost in such a short space of time, and what needs to be done to return it to the position it once occupied. Without such an understanding the mistakes of the recent past are destined to be repeated.
Timothy Whisler
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198290742
- eISBN:
- 9780191684838
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198290742.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This book looks at the British motor industry. Why are there now no major car manufacturers in Britain? This book considers this and the surrounding issues, making valuable comparisons with overseas ...
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This book looks at the British motor industry. Why are there now no major car manufacturers in Britain? This book considers this and the surrounding issues, making valuable comparisons with overseas manufacturers operating both in the UK and abroad, which provides additional interest and insight. Based upon careful use of company archives, this book covers in particular the issues of product development, quality, design, and range.Less
This book looks at the British motor industry. Why are there now no major car manufacturers in Britain? This book considers this and the surrounding issues, making valuable comparisons with overseas manufacturers operating both in the UK and abroad, which provides additional interest and insight. Based upon careful use of company archives, this book covers in particular the issues of product development, quality, design, and range.
Geoffrey Jones
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206026
- eISBN:
- 9780191676925
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206026.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This is a study of the emergence, growth, and performance of British multinational banks from their origins in the 1830s until the present day. British owned banks played leading roles in the ...
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This is a study of the emergence, growth, and performance of British multinational banks from their origins in the 1830s until the present day. British owned banks played leading roles in the financial systems of much of Asia and the Southern hemisphere during the 19th century and after. In the 1970s and 1980s, they made large investments in California and elsewhere in the United States. They played major roles in the finance of international trade, in international diplomacy, in the birth of the Eurodollar market, and in the world debt crisis. This book provides a modern general history of these banks. It is based on a wide range of confidential banking archives in Britain, Australia, and Hong Kong, most of which were previously unavailable. The book places this new empirical evidence in the context of modern theories of multinational enterprise and of competitive advantage.Less
This is a study of the emergence, growth, and performance of British multinational banks from their origins in the 1830s until the present day. British owned banks played leading roles in the financial systems of much of Asia and the Southern hemisphere during the 19th century and after. In the 1970s and 1980s, they made large investments in California and elsewhere in the United States. They played major roles in the finance of international trade, in international diplomacy, in the birth of the Eurodollar market, and in the world debt crisis. This book provides a modern general history of these banks. It is based on a wide range of confidential banking archives in Britain, Australia, and Hong Kong, most of which were previously unavailable. The book places this new empirical evidence in the context of modern theories of multinational enterprise and of competitive advantage.
Terry Gourvish
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199250059
- eISBN:
- 9780191719516
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250059.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
Britain's privatized railways continue to provoke debate about the organization, financing, and development of the railway system. This important book provides an authoritative account of the ...
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Britain's privatized railways continue to provoke debate about the organization, financing, and development of the railway system. This important book provides an authoritative account of the progress made by British Rail prior to privatization, and a unique insight into its difficult role in the government's privatization planning from 1989. Based on free access to the British Railway Board's archives, the book provides an analysis of the main themes: a process of continuous organizational change; the existence of a persistent government audit; perennial investment restraints; the directive to reduce operating costs and improve productivity; a concern with financial performance, technological change, service quality, and the management of industrial relations; and the Board's ambiguous position as the Conservative government pressed home its privatization programme. The introduction of sector management from 1982 and the ‘Organizing for Quality’ initiative of the early 1990s, the Serpell Report on railway finances of 1983, the sale of the subsidiary businesses, the large-scale investment in the Channel Tunnel, and the obsession with safety which followed the Clapham accident of 1988, are all examined. In the conclusion, the book reviews the successes and failures of the public sector, rehearses the arguments for and against integration in the railway industry, and contrasts what many have termed ‘the golden age’ of the mid-late 1980s, when the British Rail-government relationship was arguably at its most effective, with what has happened since 1994.Less
Britain's privatized railways continue to provoke debate about the organization, financing, and development of the railway system. This important book provides an authoritative account of the progress made by British Rail prior to privatization, and a unique insight into its difficult role in the government's privatization planning from 1989. Based on free access to the British Railway Board's archives, the book provides an analysis of the main themes: a process of continuous organizational change; the existence of a persistent government audit; perennial investment restraints; the directive to reduce operating costs and improve productivity; a concern with financial performance, technological change, service quality, and the management of industrial relations; and the Board's ambiguous position as the Conservative government pressed home its privatization programme. The introduction of sector management from 1982 and the ‘Organizing for Quality’ initiative of the early 1990s, the Serpell Report on railway finances of 1983, the sale of the subsidiary businesses, the large-scale investment in the Channel Tunnel, and the obsession with safety which followed the Clapham accident of 1988, are all examined. In the conclusion, the book reviews the successes and failures of the public sector, rehearses the arguments for and against integration in the railway industry, and contrasts what many have termed ‘the golden age’ of the mid-late 1980s, when the British Rail-government relationship was arguably at its most effective, with what has happened since 1994.
Richard Coopey and Peter Lyth (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199226009
- eISBN:
- 9780191710315
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226009.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This book brings together chapters from the leading historians of British business. The contributors were asked to consider the renaissance in the British economy during the closing decades of the ...
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This book brings together chapters from the leading historians of British business. The contributors were asked to consider the renaissance in the British economy during the closing decades of the 20th century. In doing so they were also asked to reconsider the debates and assertions relating to relative economic decline in Britain since the end of the 19th century. Chapters range across the economy, from banking, retail, high technology and staple industries, transport, to sports and leisure industries. In addition, key themes such as foreign investment, government policy, managerial characteristics, marketing, business, ethics, and so on have their own chapters. What emerges is a picture of complexity and reappraisal bringing into question the accuracy or applicability of much of the writing and axioms surrounding British business in the 20th century. Both the nature of economic recovery, the depth and periodization of relative decline clearly do not stand up to scrutiny. If nothing else the book disposes with the notion that a simple re-injection of market forces ideology in the 1980s changed and modernised the British economy. The book has identified both a need for a broad reappraisal to take into account the complexity underlying ideas of renaissance in the late 20th century, in addition to a need to reject unicausal explanations for the fate and possibilities of the British economy in the 21st century.Less
This book brings together chapters from the leading historians of British business. The contributors were asked to consider the renaissance in the British economy during the closing decades of the 20th century. In doing so they were also asked to reconsider the debates and assertions relating to relative economic decline in Britain since the end of the 19th century. Chapters range across the economy, from banking, retail, high technology and staple industries, transport, to sports and leisure industries. In addition, key themes such as foreign investment, government policy, managerial characteristics, marketing, business, ethics, and so on have their own chapters. What emerges is a picture of complexity and reappraisal bringing into question the accuracy or applicability of much of the writing and axioms surrounding British business in the 20th century. Both the nature of economic recovery, the depth and periodization of relative decline clearly do not stand up to scrutiny. If nothing else the book disposes with the notion that a simple re-injection of market forces ideology in the 1980s changed and modernised the British economy. The book has identified both a need for a broad reappraisal to take into account the complexity underlying ideas of renaissance in the late 20th century, in addition to a need to reject unicausal explanations for the fate and possibilities of the British economy in the 21st century.
Laura F. Spira and Judy Slinn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199592197
- eISBN:
- 9780191764998
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592197.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Business History
The Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, better known as the Cadbury Committee, was set up in May 1991 to address the concerns increasingly voiced at that time about how UK ...
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The Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, better known as the Cadbury Committee, was set up in May 1991 to address the concerns increasingly voiced at that time about how UK companies dealt with financial reporting and accountability and the wider implications of this. The Committee was sponsored by the London Stock Exchange, the Financial Reporting Council and the accountancy profession. It published its final report and recommendations in December 1992. Central to these was a Code of Best Practice and the requirement for companies to comply with it or to explain to their shareholders why they had not done so. The recommendations and the Code provided the foundation for the current system of corporate governance in the UK and have proved very influential in corporate governance developments throughout the world. While academics and practitioners have explored and discussed the developments in corporate governance since 1992, little attention has been paid to the processes of code and policy development. This book explores the origins of the Committee, provides rich insights in to the way in which it worked and documents the reaction to the publication of the Committee’s report. The issues which the Committee addressed are still of great concern: the complex relationships through which corporations are held to account have profound effects on all our lives. The Committee provided a framework for thinking about these issues and established a process through which such thinking could be articulated and continue to evolve. This book represents a major contribution to the history of the development of UK corporate governance in the late twentieth century: the why, how, what and when of corporate governance development.Less
The Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, better known as the Cadbury Committee, was set up in May 1991 to address the concerns increasingly voiced at that time about how UK companies dealt with financial reporting and accountability and the wider implications of this. The Committee was sponsored by the London Stock Exchange, the Financial Reporting Council and the accountancy profession. It published its final report and recommendations in December 1992. Central to these was a Code of Best Practice and the requirement for companies to comply with it or to explain to their shareholders why they had not done so. The recommendations and the Code provided the foundation for the current system of corporate governance in the UK and have proved very influential in corporate governance developments throughout the world. While academics and practitioners have explored and discussed the developments in corporate governance since 1992, little attention has been paid to the processes of code and policy development. This book explores the origins of the Committee, provides rich insights in to the way in which it worked and documents the reaction to the publication of the Committee’s report. The issues which the Committee addressed are still of great concern: the complex relationships through which corporations are held to account have profound effects on all our lives. The Committee provided a framework for thinking about these issues and established a process through which such thinking could be articulated and continue to evolve. This book represents a major contribution to the history of the development of UK corporate governance in the late twentieth century: the why, how, what and when of corporate governance development.
Robert R. Locke
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198774068
- eISBN:
- 9780191695339
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198774068.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History, International Business
Every nation likes to believe myths about itself. Americans' belief in the superiority of their managerial know-how seemed to be among those most solidly based in reality. Yet, the author argues, ...
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Every nation likes to believe myths about itself. Americans' belief in the superiority of their managerial know-how seemed to be among those most solidly based in reality. Yet, the author argues, despite its universal claims, American managerialism has never been more than a cultural peculiarity, one moreover whose claims to superiority had not been proved but assumed, on the premise that the best economy must have the best management. That premise, moreover, has not served American managerialism particularly well, for in the 1970s a gap opened up between the mystique of American management and the reality of a mediocre American managerial performance. The ‘mystique’ collapsed and those looking for best practice began to look elsewhere. The author provides a thorough examination of alternative forms of management that grew up in West Germany and Japan during the past decades. He argues that these alternative management forms have done a better job managing capitalist economies since the 1970s than has American managerialism. In fact, he asserts that American managerialism has become so dysfunctional that it threatens to undermine the prosperity of the American people, and America's role in the future world order. In the final chapter the author suggests ways that American management can follow in order to fulfil its original promise. Looking forward, he urges American management to unlearn much of the received wisdom and learn from the successes of others in order for the nation to enter the 21st century with a management equal to the social and economic challenges.Less
Every nation likes to believe myths about itself. Americans' belief in the superiority of their managerial know-how seemed to be among those most solidly based in reality. Yet, the author argues, despite its universal claims, American managerialism has never been more than a cultural peculiarity, one moreover whose claims to superiority had not been proved but assumed, on the premise that the best economy must have the best management. That premise, moreover, has not served American managerialism particularly well, for in the 1970s a gap opened up between the mystique of American management and the reality of a mediocre American managerial performance. The ‘mystique’ collapsed and those looking for best practice began to look elsewhere. The author provides a thorough examination of alternative forms of management that grew up in West Germany and Japan during the past decades. He argues that these alternative management forms have done a better job managing capitalist economies since the 1970s than has American managerialism. In fact, he asserts that American managerialism has become so dysfunctional that it threatens to undermine the prosperity of the American people, and America's role in the future world order. In the final chapter the author suggests ways that American management can follow in order to fulfil its original promise. Looking forward, he urges American management to unlearn much of the received wisdom and learn from the successes of others in order for the nation to enter the 21st century with a management equal to the social and economic challenges.
Justice and Legitimacy in Upbringing
Clausewitz's Puzzle
International Legitimacy and World Society
Levelling the Playing Field
Multicultural Nationalism
The Politics of Public Service Bargains
Free Will and Modern Science
Corporate Governance, Competition, and Political Parties
The European Union and the People
